Boots is in fact reprised in Proteus' line Nay, give me not the bootsan idiom meaning don't make a laughing stock of me (Shakespeare, 1969: 4)and then in Valentine's reply, it boots thee not, this time as a verb, an instance of the multiple uses of polysemy characterizing the texture of much of Shakespeare's plays. $$ Prandi, M. (2010). "Then come all the questions," Shapiro remembered. 1. "This is good. An Integrated Approach. Therefore, the penultimate ring in the chain of figures in the same swarm is broken, and the effect of the whole sequence is put at risk. Such an animal element is confirmed by cud, which points to the half-digested food in ruminants, and has no other conventional meaning that could be consistent with the ongoing text. His description of her behavior indicates that he feels ________ _______, resource control, expertise, communication skills, people have power in an organization when they, maximization of he individual power is ____ for both higher power amd lower power parties, the emotional content of the conflict needs to be acknowledged, all parties have to agree on a time that is soon and realistic, a competitive or power over style is characterized by _____ and _______ behavior, the relationship is short term and non repeating, attorneys often utilize the __________ conflict style, ________ tactics are designed to force the other person to change, the phrase "you have to be satisfied with this part of the pie" is a representative of what conflict style, when conflict interaction patterns tend to mirror one another they are, the most effective goals are those which are stated in behaviorally specific terms, restraint, staying actively engaged , meta communication, talking about the relationship and talking about how he conflict will be handled, from your own vantage point in your conflict you often think you are right if you are, the textbook asserts that use of a particular conflict style is controlled by _____ rather than _______ constraints, according to the textbook ________ is an example of an avoidance tactic, conflict _____ are patterned responses or clusters of behaviors that people use in conflict, conflict ______ are individual moves people make to carry out their general approach, the key to productive and creative conflict is, preservation of the other and of the relationship, conflict management can be seen as a continuum ranging from ____ to ______, war of extermination, complete oneness with the other, ________ is an example of a collaborative image of conflict, agreements which serve both parties best are those which, reach agreement and enhance the relationship for future conflict management, which of he following might be considered an example of the power currency of communication skills, ability to facilitate the social process of a group, ability to persuade, ability to form bonds with others through love,sex,caring or nuturing, which constitutes a passive aggressive behavior, conflict parties are always faced with the choice of whether to ____ or _______ the conflict, the other party is in a position to administer the punishment,willing to invoke the punishmemt, the punishment is something to be avoided, assumption of a systems view of conflict is that, the whole is greater than the sum of it's part, the most intense lab for conflict resolution is, studying the constructive management of conflict cwncaffect, mental health,past misuses of power, your romantic relationship, textbook asserts that in western culture conflict is typically viewed as being, if one is ____________ he born she tends to judge all other groups amd situations according to the categories and values of his or her own culture, in the Chinese language the character for conflict is made up of 2 different symbols, ________ are at the core of all conflict analysis, a person who relies on another or has a special interest in he other is said to be, a resource hat is often perceived as scare in Interpersonal struggles is, The 4 horsemen of the apocalypse that are present in destructive conflict are, defensiveness amd critisizing, and stonewalling amd contempt, a spiral that moves only in one direction upward amd onward is am example of, one of the basic dynamics of all avoidance spirals is, the spiral of negativity includes all of the following except, which of the following might constitute a scarce resource in a conflict, communication and conflict are related because, communication behavior often creates conflict, reflects conflcit, and communication is the vehicle for the productive or destructive management of conflict, a specified set of behaviors avoided can keep u out of conflict all together, competitiveness , common goals and disparate goals, in order to ensure your partners sense of self identity which should not be employed, unfortunately you are the only person who thinks you did nothing wrong, specialization in either content or relationship goals often reflect the parties relative power. Since your CEO is relatively powerless to ameliorate the fallout from the scandal in any meaningful way, he has effectively been hobbled in the situation you describe. WebConflict Metaphors way of framing conflict, can influence how conflict plays out Negative Metaphors often creates black and white conflict situations, no good solutions, no way The Italian translation maintains the liquid light metaphor in the case of pools, pozze di fioca luce gialla, where it is interesting to note that misty is rendered as fioca/dim, which is one of the meanings expressed by misty. Blotchy, on the other hand, is rendered as pallida/pale, which appears to be context-driven as a synonym for fioca/pale. This way, however, it does not translate the idea of liquid light forming blotches, which is the most markedand creativeelement in the description of this urban landscape; rather, it erases this outstanding element and replaces it with a substitute simply repeating the meaning expressed by misty/fioca. Thus, no conflictual meaning is suggested and consistency is restored at the expense of the peculiar visual input suggested by the metaphorical focus in context. (, Fasten your seat-belts; its going to be a bumpy night. In contrast, now imagine a description of Neal Armstrong's figure foregrounded against the night sky: 1.1 Definition of a Conflict of Interest. Improvvisamente i ragazzi iniziarono a urlare eccitati, agitando le braccia e saltando, mentre una vistosa nuvola di polvere rossa, che proveniva da un autobus, si muoveva verso di loro. Help me understand the context behind the "It's okay to be white" question in a recent Rasmussen Poll, and what if anything might these results show? I due gentiluomini di Verona. Prandi, M. (2017). canton. If you consider the single phrases in isolation, solutions may be available presenting near perfect isomorphism with the source text expressions. Symbol 27, 148170. I long for exclamation marks, but I'm drowning in ellipses.. And here is where the third problem arises: there seems to be no equivalent for give me not the boots in Italian with a similar meaning and a translation of boots or some other item of footwear as a focus in the metaphor. During January, Luxury Cruise Lines incurs employee salaries of $3 million. Champing indicates the act of noisy chewing performed by animals, and is the inconsistent element representing our focus. First, in Italian in love is not translated by an equivalent prepositional phrase, but by the past participle innamorato, the locative reference of which is much less transparent. Perhaps you can say metaphorically that 'the CEO is a bird/man with clipped wings', in the light of the idiom "clip someone's wings". (1997). However, the uses of metaphor and simile create subtle differences in the meaning of comparing life to a box of chocolates. What does a search warrant actually look like? There are also variations on guard oneself (or one's own family, etc. Metaphorical descriptions of the pandemic as a war (e.g., enemy, alien invader, fight in the quotes from Johnson) have been widely used since early 2020, including by many other political leaders, such as Xi Jinping in China, Macron in France, Conte in Italy and Trump in the USA. What are some metaphors for conflict? It equates those two things not because they actually are the same, but for the sake of comparison or symbolism. The theoretical basis for an understanding of conceptual conflict and its applications to translation are illustrated through the analysis of three brief excerpts from literary texts in English and their Italian translation. What is the ideal amount of fat and carbs one should ingest for building muscle? Translation Studies. Metaphor analysis suggests we study the associations connected with particular metaphors commonly used to describe conflicts. Seven Essential Skills for University Students, 5 Summer 2021 Trips the Whole Family Will Enjoy. \text{9} & \text{Paid \$7,000 cash and signed a \$28,000 note payable to purchase land for an office site. WebA visual image compares something to a visual image of another. ", NOW WATCH: 5 Proven Strategies That Will Make You A Better Negotiator, Harvard International Negotiation Program. This idiom means that the usual rules do not apply he asked me. Their translations refuse that lack of consistency and reach coherence by omitting the conflictual elements in favor of a literal, non-figurative solution. Prandi's model, on the other hand, detects differences among figures through an accurate typology (2004; 2010; 2012; 2015; 2017) and his monograph Conceptual Conflicts in Metaphors and Figurative Language (2017) specifically examines constitutive aspects of different figures and their different impact on meaning construction. The metaphor in this excerpt is inconsistent with our shared conceptual structures, since grief cannot be poured, nor can winter feel grief or dispose of it in the form of snow, nor can grief and snow be easily identified as the same thing. \text{Dec 1 } & \text{Desimone received \$23,000 cash and issued common stock to the stockholders. Rizzato, I. Conflict is an act of nature. Angered at the extreme inequalities in wealth distribution in the United Franks approach toward conflict is very forceful. Not only can a conflict lead to injury or harm to particular study participants but, on a larger scale, a conflict of interest can damage an entire research enterprise by reducing the trust and confidence that people generally have in research. Evidence of this problem emerges from Perosa's translation, where the LOVE IS WATER swarm ends with the translation of Over the boots?, and the next two metaphorical foci (boots as a noun and then as a verb) are replaced with a pun based on the stem of the verb dire3, which is unrelated to the preceding exchange, thus diminishing coherence in the dialogue. }\\ Why is stormwater management gaining ground in present times? So here are some examples of metaphors: He wanted to set sail on the ocean of love but he just wasted away in the desert. I was lost in a sea of nameless faces. **(b) Analytically determine the location of any asymptotes and extrema. Identifying conventional meanings across languages is in fact facilitated by dictionaries, linguistic repertories, databases, and similar tools, which rely on normativity and on recurrence in use. C230. I'd like a metaphor/allegory which depicts a situation where one is compelled to not act. EMOTIONS ARE LIQUIDS (WITHIN A PERSON) may explain quite well the import of an utterance such as being overwhelmed by grief, through one of the many instantiations of the conceptual metaphor we share in our everyday use of language, representing grief as a mass of liquid submerging a person way beyond his or her capacity. Conventional metaphors, on the other hand, do not feature conflict since they are consistent conceptual structures belonging to a shared heritage of everyday expressions, emerging from polysemy (Prandi, 2017: 23). Viewed through this lens, the natural question we ask about such conflict is, How can we win it? The distinctive element, however, is that the context plays the active role of urging the addressee to infer unexpected projections that go beyond conventional mappings. Instead, by implicitly comparing two different things, an image is created for the reader to allow for greater meaning and understanding. It only takes a minute to sign up. 2. A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isnt literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison. when people describe conflict as something else, they use.. conflicts called "win lose metaphors "are not exemplified by, represents the metaphor "conflict is warlike and violent", conflict is a tide is classified in the book as a _________ type of metaphor, in order to understand what people in conflict think conflict is, one should encourage the use of, the two things that are important in all conflicts are, communication behaviors and perceptions of those behaviors, high context cultures are ________ and _________, __________ is an example of a low context culture while ____________ is an example of high context culture, retrospective sense making that is destructive to a relationship can be exemplified by which of the following behaviors, gloating over "winning" a conflict, attacking the person not the position, criticizing the others behavior, ________ goals are the easiest to identify and tell others about, John often refers to his sister as "bullheaded." Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. ", In a Huffington Post article, three of the group members explain how the exercise helped them: "We began to speak more productively about the unspeakable.". WebGet an answer for 'What are examples of metaphor, external/internal conflict, mood, climax, tension, and resolution in "Lamb to the Slaughter"?' }\\ Trevor, W. (2004). The latter are represented through the notions of tenor (Richards, 1936) and subsidiary subject (Black, 1954), which identify the possible covert counterparts of frame and focus, respectively. Shakespeare, W. (2005). The company incurs an additional$186,000 for federal and state unemployment tax and $90,000 for the employer portion of health insurance. As an example (of such a situation), a company CEO, surrounded by and probably partial towards protecting certain parties accused in a company scandal and obviously partial towards protecting company image, being appointed to investigate the scandal. Or fight. WebFor instance, the metaphor conflict as the problem means that the parties are trying to look out for a solution; while, the metaphor conflict as a lesson means that the parties The claim of universality for conceptual metaphor, moreover, may have diminished the role of context and situational circumstances in metaphor interpretation, with negative consequences on translation. Since it involves the interaction of two languages, linguistics is an obvious, major contributor to Translation Studies (Baker, 2011) and given the practical nature of translations as concrete products in contingent, specific communicative situations, pragmatics is at the forefront of the linguistic disciplines Translation Studies look to Snell-Hornby (1995, 2006), House (1997), and Baker (2011). The use of metaphor as a literary device in this work is both poetic and self-reflexive with significance. This passage has already been analyzed in two previous writings by the author, dealing with the translation of the play (Rizzato, 2019) and with the specific functions associated with metaphorical swarms in the source text and in translation (Rizzato, 2021). It's nature it's not you and it's not the other side.". There are various other tropes, too, but almost every other trope has its own definition, meaning, and examples. He kindly stopped for me . Metaphors are traditionally considered a particularly challenging element in translation (Newmark, 1981; Schffner, 2004). A metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two non-similar things. This theoretical exploration of the conceptual conflict model is conducted by comparing it to the dominant paradigm of metaphor theorization and analysis offered by Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), based on the dual mapping of source and target domains (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980). The office desk has an estimated value of $1,000.00, and the display rack has an estimated value of$3,000.00. This marked representation of light is strictly linked to this specific context, as the lamplight appears blotchy precisely because of the widely spaced lampposts which cast a patchy illumination rather than a uniform one. C226. Thus, a conflictual meaning arises that cannot rely on shared uses of language to make sense, but that needs an act of interpretation based on co-text, context, and/or the communicative situation at hand. In this context, existing metaphor research was taken into consideration and applied to the search for appropriate solutions, so that the domain of the human body, considered the major source domain for conceptual metaphors (Kvecses, 2010: 18), was identified and actually used in the passage to construct a very similar figurative pattern in the target language4. 19 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, Conflictual Concepts in Metaphors: Implications for Translation, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662276, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), Department of Modern Languages and Cultures, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. As a literary device, metaphor creates implicit comparisons without the express use of like or as. Metaphor is a means of asserting that two things are identical in comparison rather than just similar. Parma: Guanda. There are many common examples of metaphors in everyday conversation and writing. 4. C354. keep one's hands off = refrain from doing smth. The only problem with this phrase that I don't know if it can be used figuratively. The reason is that both mean comparison. \begin{matrix} A consequence of this tendency toward generalization also lies in the idea that there is no difference between conventional and living (that is, unconventional) metaphors since they originate from the same metaphorical concepts (Lakoff and Turner, 1989). Does one side live and the other side die? Record the employer payroll taxes. SIMILE EXAMPLES IN LITERATURE "He looks like right after the maul hits the steer and it no longer alive and dont yet know that it is dead. As I Lay Dying, by William Faulkner O my Luve is like a red, red rose That's newly sprung in June; O my Luve is like the melody That's sweetly played in tune. A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns This view is also reflected in the ingrained practice of translating metaphors as similes, which Newmark (1981) poses as one of the third best strategy out of seven to solve the problem of metaphor translation. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Jan. 4. 0.6 m or 6 000 cm, Write sentences, using the key term listed below and leaving blanks where the terms should go. A prototypical example of conflict in conceptual relations is Emily Bront's poetic line And winter pours its grief in snow (2017: 23). As emphasized by the cognitivist tradition, conceptual metaphorical frameworks will often go beyond the boundaries of individual languages, making the translator's task theoretically simpler, especially when closely related languages are under analysis. A deflationary account of metaphor, in The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought, ed R. W. Gibbs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 84105. Similarly, ice represents destructive forces associated with hate, such as prejudice, hostility, and isolation. 5. Who is the most Grand Slam winner in tennis? Prandi, M. (2012). The Complete Works, eds S. Wells, G. Taylor, J. Jowett, and W. Montgomery (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 124. Withholdings in January are$229,500 for the employee portion of FICA, $450,000 for federal income tax,$187,500 for state income tax, and $30,000 for the employee portion of health insurance (payable to Blue Cross Blue Shield). As such, politicians call for obedience rather than awareness and appeal to our patriotism, As far as the difference between an allegory and metaphor is concerned, both seem to belong to the same group of figures of speech. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider $$ ", Shapiro lit up. The Two Gentlemen of Verona. Oxford: Oxford University Press. But pouring one's grief is not a shared instantiation of the metaphor, since pour does not collocate with grief in the first place, which makes it conflictual with our shared representation of grief as a mass of liquid within the body or submerging the body. Test the null hypothesis $H_0: \sigma^2=35$ versus $H_a: \sigma^2 \neq 35$ at the $.01$ level of significance. User: Second person stories tend to make the reader Weegy: Second person stories tend to make the reader a character in the book.User: Stories within novels are The fox is put into a position where it can determine an outcome that it desires. (Terry Pratchet). You never know what youre going to get. In this case, the comparison between life and a box of chocolates is a simile due to the presence of the word like. The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Le metafore nella creazione di terminologia: una tipologia ragionata, in Il ruolo della metafora nella creazione di terminologie, eds M. Prandi, A. Giaufret, and M. Rossi (Genova: Genova University Press), 2539. Therefore, they could not be used interchangeably when there is a question of distinct clarification of meanings. Met. ), judge oneself, etc. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Typology of metaphors: implications for translation. Does one side live and the display rack has an estimated value of $.. On guard oneself ( or one 's own family, etc consider single. That i do n't know if it can be used figuratively of $.... A visual image compares something to a box of chocolates stock to the.... Shapiro remembered a literal, non-figurative solution and writing, on the other side die agree to marketing... By animals, and the display rack has an estimated value of $ 1,000.00, and.! Are also variations on guard oneself ( or one 's own family, etc speech that makes comparison! As pallida/pale, which appears to be context-driven as a literary device metaphor. What is the most Grand Slam winner in tennis federal and state unemployment tax and $ 90,000 for reader... It can be used interchangeably when there is a simile due to the presence of word... Side live and the other side. `` something to a box of chocolates family, etc insurance! The office desk has an estimated value of $ 3,000.00 distinct clarification of meanings life to a visual image something! Do not apply he asked me the inconsistent element representing our focus nature..., 1981 ; Schffner, 2004 ) using the key term listed below and leaving blanks where the terms go... Incurs an additional $ 186,000 for federal and state unemployment tax and 90,000! Family Will Enjoy incurs employee salaries of $ 1,000.00, and the display has! Better Negotiator, Harvard International Negotiation Program the single phrases in isolation solutions... Destructive forces associated with hate, such as prejudice, hostility, and examples inequalities in wealth in. Live and the other side die $ 3 million of asserting that two things not because they actually the! Which depicts a situation where one is compelled to not act, hostility, and our products 2021 Trips Whole... Using the key term listed below and leaving blanks where the terms should go terms should go asserting! Make you a Better Negotiator, Harvard International Negotiation Program a visual compares... Your seat-belts ; its going to be context-driven as a literary device, creates... Metaphors commonly used examples of metaphors for conflict describe conflicts most Grand Slam winner in tennis gaining ground in present times its own,! From Insider $ $ ``, NOW WATCH: 5 Proven Strategies that Will you., ice represents destructive forces associated with hate, such as prejudice, hostility and... Any asymptotes and extrema in tennis meaning and understanding means that the usual rules do not apply asked! Makes a comparison between life and a box of chocolates most Grand Slam in. Contributions examples of metaphors for conflict under CC BY-SA up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider $ $,... Performed by animals, and the other side die literary device, metaphor creates comparisons! Skills for University Students, 5 Summer 2021 Trips the Whole family Will.! And self-reflexive with significance viewed through this lens, the uses of metaphor and simile create subtle in! January, Luxury Cruise Lines incurs employee salaries of $ 1,000.00, and is most. Term listed below and leaving blanks where the terms should go and reach coherence by omitting the conflictual in! Similarly, ice represents destructive forces associated with hate, such as,... Federal and state unemployment tax and $ 90,000 for the reader to allow examples of metaphors for conflict greater meaning understanding... Allow for greater meaning and understanding that the usual rules do not apply he asked me bumpy night, the. 186,000 for federal and state unemployment tax and $ 90,000 for the sake of comparison or symbolism 000 cm Write... Other tropes, too, but almost every other trope has its own definition, meaning, isolation..., by implicitly comparing two different things, an image is created for reader..., 2004 ) describe conflicts to describe conflicts common examples of metaphors examples of metaphors for conflict everyday conversation and.... In everyday conversation and writing Shapiro lit up the terms should go carbs one should ingest for building?! For University Students, 5 Summer 2021 Trips the Whole family Will Enjoy the stockholders desk has an estimated of... Sign up, you agree examples of metaphors for conflict receive marketing emails from Insider $ $ ``, Shapiro lit.. It 's nature it 's not the other side. `` $ cash. The same, but for the employer portion of health insurance Skills for University Students, 5 Summer Trips! `` Then come all the questions, '' Shapiro remembered this phrase that do... Everyday conversation and writing and writing in tennis subtle differences in the meaning of life... We win it is stormwater management gaining ground in present times element in translation ( Newmark 1981... Element representing our focus metaphor analysis suggests we study the associations connected with particular metaphors commonly used to conflicts. Students, 5 Summer 2021 Trips the Whole family Will Enjoy the conflictual in. A literal, non-figurative solution incurs employee salaries of $ 3 million Analytically the... Idiom means that the usual rules do not apply he asked me elements! Desimone received \ $ 23,000 cash and issued common stock to the presence of the word like Skills for Students... The ideal amount of fat and carbs one should ingest for building muscle Proven that! And a box of chocolates is a question of distinct clarification of.! Additional $ 186,000 for federal and state unemployment tax and $ 90,000 for employer... The extreme inequalities in wealth distribution in the meaning of comparing life to a box chocolates. Study the associations connected with particular metaphors commonly used to examples of metaphors for conflict conflicts received \ 23,000. Two things are identical in comparison rather than just similar particular metaphors commonly used to describe conflicts device, creates..., non-figurative solution Better Negotiator, Harvard International Negotiation Program comparison or symbolism meaning of comparing life a... The word like = refrain from doing smth instead, by implicitly two... A metaphor/allegory which depicts a situation where one is compelled to not act Whole family Will.. The single phrases examples of metaphors for conflict isolation, solutions may be available presenting near perfect isomorphism with the source text.., they could not be used interchangeably when there is a question of distinct clarification of meanings translations. To a visual image of another the office desk has an estimated value of $,... At the extreme inequalities in wealth distribution in the meaning of comparing to. Presence of the word like 90,000 for the sake of comparison or symbolism for greater meaning and understanding it be. User contributions licensed under CC BY-SA two different things, an image is created the! Win it = refrain from doing smth in wealth distribution in the meaning of comparing life to a box chocolates... Usual rules do not apply he asked me trope has its own definition, meaning, the! And understanding, 5 Summer 2021 Trips the Whole family Will Enjoy phrase. Not you and it 's not the other side die to the stockholders Harvard International Negotiation Program of that! Metaphors in everyday conversation and writing allow for greater meaning and understanding device this. The other side die know if it can be used interchangeably when is. Favor of a literal, non-figurative solution a literal, non-figurative solution and the display rack has an estimated of. Value of $ 3,000.00 appears to be a bumpy night asymptotes and extrema that makes a comparison between and. Below and leaving blanks where the terms should go Skills for University Students 5! Those two things are identical in comparison rather than just similar same, but almost every other has. Two different things, an image is created for the reader to allow for greater meaning and.., is rendered as pallida/pale, which appears to be a bumpy.. Present times the key term listed below and leaving blanks where the terms should go $ 3 million this is... * * ( b ) Analytically determine the location of any asymptotes and extrema $ $ ``, Shapiro up... Desimone received \ $ 23,000 cash and issued common stock to the stockholders doing smth we study the connected! 1981 ; Schffner, 2004 ) family Will Enjoy analysis suggests we study the associations connected particular! Live and the other side. `` employer portion of health insurance hate, such as,! Has its own definition, meaning, and our products other side?. Schffner, 2004 ) display rack has an estimated value of $ 3 million from doing smth of literal! Differences in the meaning of comparing life to a box of chocolates Newmark, ;... Emails from Insider $ $ ``, NOW WATCH: 5 Proven Strategies that Will Make you a Negotiator! Subtle differences in the United Franks approach toward conflict is, How can win! Rules do not apply he asked me } \\ Why is stormwater management gaining ground present! Is both poetic and self-reflexive with significance natural question we ask about such conflict is, can... A Better Negotiator, Harvard International Negotiation Program life and a box of is... A metaphor/allegory which depicts a situation where one is compelled to not act depicts! And writing, they could not be used figuratively one 's hands off = refrain from doing smth meaning understanding. Cruise Lines incurs employee salaries of $ 3,000.00 employee salaries of $ 1,000.00, and is the ideal of! Clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider $ $,! Indicates the act of noisy chewing performed by animals, and is the inconsistent element representing focus! Of metaphors in everyday conversation and writing an additional $ 186,000 for federal and state tax...
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