Biden was the first U.S. president to invite Taiwanese representatives to attend the presidential inauguration. For purposes of subsection (a), the term agreement includes-, any agreement entered into between the Institute and the governing authorities on Taiwan or the instrumentality established by Taiwan; and. As expected, Beijing has reacted angrily to his remarks, expressing its strong dissatisfaction and firm opposition and accusing the US of playing with fire.. The application of subsection (a) of this section shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following: Whenever the laws of the United States refer or relate to foreign countries, nations, states, governments, or similar entities, such terms shall include and such laws shall apply with such respect to Taiwan. An increasing number of Taiwanese people feel more closely tied to Taiwan than to the mainland. Beijing has pressured countries not to sign free trade agreements with Taiwan. To Compete With China, the United States Needs to Fix Immigration, What Chinas Surveillance Balloon Says About U.S.-China Relations, Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, influence Taiwans semiconductor industry. 2023 Diplomat Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. View, About In the 2020 election, for example, China spread disinformation in an apparent effort to damage Tsai and boost the KMTs presidential candidate. Jimmy Carter inherited Richard Nixons challenge, which was to establish diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). Trade between Taiwan and the eighteen targeted countries increased by more than $50 billion between 2016, when the initiative was unveiled, and 2021. As we look closely at the changes in the bill passed on the Senate floor, it is easy to identify the check and balance between the executive and legislative branches of the United States. But on the streets of Taipei, the mood appears to be mostly relaxed and confident. China has also pressured global corporations, including airlines and hotel chains, to list Taiwan as a Chinese province. However, neither pure balancing nor pure band-wagoning against Beijing would benefit Taiwans current security situation. Therefore, a trustworthy and valuable commitment from the central power and tight concentration of power in positions of leadership encourages the strategy of band-wagoning. Beijing strongly condemned the visit and in response planned military exercises that effectively surround the island and banned imports of some fruit and fish from Taiwan, among other actions. These chips are found in most electronics, including smartphones, computers, vehicles, and even weapons systems that rely on artificial intelligence. by Liana Fix and Caroline Kapp the implementation of the policies of the United States concerning security and cooperation in East Asia. The Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and other appropriate committees of the Congress shall monitor-. Any agency of the United States Government employing alien personnel on Taiwan may transfer such personnel, with accrued allowances, benefits, and rights, to the Institute without a break in service for purposes of retirement and other benefits, including continued participation in any system established by the laws of the United States for the retirement of employees in which the alien was participating prior to the transfer to the Institute, except that employment with the Institute shall be creditable for retirement purposes only to the extent that employee deductions and employer contributions.. as required, in payment for such participation for the period of employment with the Institute, are currently deposited in the system s fund or depository. White House officials have walked back his comments, saying the policy has not changed, but ultimately, the president gets to decide how to respond. From this point of view, the TRA is extremely important in creating legal authority for establishing the institutions necessary to continue substantive relations with Chinese military sources can tell us exactly what the PLA is learning. In August 2022, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) visited Taipeithe first speaker to do so since Newt Gingrich (R-GA) in 1997and met with Tsai. Approved April 10, 1979. U.S. intelligence shows that China's President Xi Jinping has instructed his country's military to be ready by 2027" to invade Taiwan though he may be currently Renewing America, Backgrounder In 2019, Tsai unveiled a three-year plan to incentivize Taiwanese manufacturers to move from the mainland back to Taiwan. Research, programs and projects, events, and institutional information. In recent months, Chinas tacit support for Russias invasion of Ukraine has only fueled speculations over Beijings intentions with Taiwan, raising questions about how the world might react should China launch an attack. This hierarchical relationship further reflects the relationship between Washington and Taipei as similar to a bandwagon structure. The U.S. relationship with Taiwan is spelled out in the U.S.-China Three Communiqus, the 1979 Taiwan Relations Act and the 1982 Six Assurances. It restricted tourism to Taiwan, and the number of mainland tourists visiting Taiwan fell from a high of over 4 million in 2015 to 2.7 million in 2019. The Biden administration has pressured the Senate Committee to alter some language in the bill to avoid an overall antagonization of relations against Beijing prior to the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. This series is made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. As Sino-U.S. relations may approach a more contested and conflict-prone situation, Taiwan may need to consider more risk-averse foreign policy options. To help maintain peace, security, and stability in the Western Pacific and to promote the foreign policy of the United States by authorizing the continuation of commercial, cultural, and other relations between the people of the United States and the people on Taiwan, and for other purposes. Biden's new stance of strategic confusion on Taiwan, Washington has also been supplying the island with defensive weaponry, but it has remained deliberately vague on whether it would defend the island in case of a Chinese invasion a policy known as strategic ambiguity.. with Jeremi Suri The Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) is a model of legal ingenuity spurred by political necessity. Upon the granting by Taiwan of comparable privileges and immunities with respect to the Institute and its appropriate personnel, the President is authorized to extend with respect to the Taiwan instrumentality and its appropriate; personnel, such privileges and immunities (subject to appropriate conditions and obligations) as may be necessary for the effective performance of their functions. Global Health Program, Higher Education Webinar: Teaching the History of American Democracy, Webinar A handful of countries have signed free trade pacts with the island; New Zealand and Singapore are the only developed economies to sign such agreements. What do we know about him? Employees of the Institute shall not be employees of the United States and, in representing the Institute, shall be exempt from section 207 of title 18, United States Code. Its methods include spreading disinformation on social media and increasing its control over Taiwanese media outlets. Weekly. Cross-strait tensions have escalated since the election of Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen in 2016. China has employed a variety of coercive tactics short of armed conflict, and it has ramped up these measures since Tsais election in 2016. China views Taiwan as its sovereign territory, and Taipei has never declared independence. During the Chinese civil war, the United States backed the Nationalists, while the Communists had support from the Soviet Union. The Taiwan Policy Act of 2022, introduced by the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, was passed by the Senate on September 14. Beijing is working to boost its industry, especially as Washington has pushed TSMC to stop selling to Chinese companies, including Huawei, a Chinese telecommunications giant that Washington claims Beijing could use for espionage. However, their economic relationship has experienced disruptions in recent years, partly due to Beijings pressure on the island and Taiwanese officials growing concern about its overreliance on trade with China. Looking at the recent comments by AIT Chairman Raymond Burghardt. Michelle Gavin, the Ralph Bunche senior fellow for Africa policy studies at the Council, sits down with James M. Lindsay to discuss the impact of climate change in the Horn of Africa. Webthe Implementation of the Taiwan Relations Act. In Brief However, the circumstances could be changing. Whenever the President or any agency of the United States Government is authorized or required by or pursuant to the laws of the United States to enter into, perform, enforce, or have in force an agreement or transaction relative to Taiwan, such agreement or transaction shall be entered into, performed, and enforced, in the manner and to the extent directed by the President, by or through the Institute. One year in, the war in Ukraine shows no sign of ending. Whenever authorized by or pursuant to the laws of the United States to conduct or carry out programs, transactions, or other relations with respect to foreign countries, nations, states, governments, or similar entities, the President or any agency of the United States Government is authorized to conduct and carry out, in accordance with section 6 of this Act, such programs, transactions, and other relations with respect to Taiwan (including, but not limited to, the performance of services for the United States through contracts with commercial entities on Taiwan), in accordance with the applicable laws of the United States. February 17, 2023, How Countries Have Kept Up Domestic Support for the War in Ukraine, In Brief Beijing has ramped up political and military pressure on Taipei. Efforts began under the Nixon administration in the 1970s and spanned three separate presidencies. For the PRC, as Chinese President Xi Jinping has stated, the 1992 Consensus reflects an agreement that the two sides of the strait belong to one China and would work together to seek national reunification. For the KMT, it means one China, different interpretations, with the ROC standing as the one China.. Southeast It was then ceded to Japan in 1895 after Imperial China lost the First Sino-Japanese War. As far as we know, the rename of TECRO is not a new initiative but was proposed before in the 2021 Ensuring Americas Global Leadership and Engagement Act (EAGLE Act). Work on the long-planned Muse-Kyaukphyu line is once again inching forward, but construction is likely many years off. It remains to be seen what lessons Beijing would draw from the Ukraine crisis it could become more cautious in its calculation in light of Russias floundering invasion and the strong Western response. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Taipei criticized the World Health Organization (WHO) for giving in to Beijings demands and continuing to bar Taiwanwhich mounted one of the worlds most effective responses to COVID-19 in the first two years of the pandemicfrom attending the organizations World Health Assembly as an observer. Chinas position paper wont contribute to peace in Ukraine, but it does offer useful insights into how Beijing conceives of its global role. TORONTO, February 28, 2023--Pivotree Inc. releases joint survey conducted with Canam Research and Pivotrees Gold Partner SAP on Digital Commerce. Any agency of the United States Government making funds available to the Institute in accordance with this Act shall make arrangements with the Institute for the Comptroller General of the United States to have access to the; books and records of the Institute and the opportunity to audit the operations of the Institute. It says it does not support Taiwanese independence. Burns, in a television interview that aired Sunday, Eleanor Albert contributed to this Backgrounder. It will not be attempted.. February 22, 2023. Taipei regularly protests its exclusion; the United States also pushes for Taiwans meaningful participation in such organizations. In addition to the tactics described above, China has ramped up interference in Taiwans elections. Asia, Asia Beijing has also pushed for Taiwans exclusion from multilateral trading blocs, including the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). (China is included in the RCEP but not in the CPTPP.) The March 2023 issue Issue 100 of The Diplomat is out now. We also illuminate how Pacific Islanders are leading the way on climate change adaptation, chart Myanmars devastating descent from nascent democracy to coup and civil war, and trace the evolution of Chinas influence in Tajikistan, a case study for Beijings growing clout in Central Asia. All Rights Reserved. Power, Crossroads The Secretary of State shall transmit to the Congress the text of any agreement to which the Institute is a party. However, the security commitment from Washington has become a double-edged sword. For purposes of the Immigration and Nationality Act, Taiwan may be treated in the manner specified in the first sentence of section 202(b) of that Act. U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosis trip to the island in 2022 heightened tensions between the countries. to maintain the capacity of the United States to resist any resort to force or other forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security, or the social or economic system, of the people on Taiwan. No requirement, whether expressed or implied, under the laws of the United States with respect to maintenance of diplomatic relations or recognition shall be applicable with respect to Taiwan. China is drawing lessons from Russias invasion of Ukraine. will maintain the ability to come to Taiwans defense, while not actually committing to doing soa policy known as strategic ambiguity. How Bad Is Ukraines Humanitarian Crisis a Year Later? Agreements and transactions made or to be made by or through the Institute shall be subject to the same congressional notification, review, and approval requirements and procedures as if such agreements and transactions were made by or through the agency of the United States Government on behalf of which the Institute is acting. That being said, Biden and the foreign policy community have become more aware of the possibility of experiencing the devastating impact of potential armed conflict with China if the administration fails to handle the Taiwan issue with more care. But following a diplomatic conflict between Beijing and Moscow in the 1960s known as the Sino-Soviet split relations between the PRC and the US began to thaw to counterbalance the Soviet Union. Through its policy of strategic ambiguity, the United States has for decades attempted to maintain a delicate balance between supporting Taiwan and preventing a war with China. China and Taiwan resumed direct sea, air, and mail links that had been banned for decades. Therefore, Washington has taken a less ambiguous position on cross-Strait relations during the Biden administration. Asia, Central Will Merrow created the map. As U.S.-China relations characterized by deeper hostility and competition, it has become more urgent for Taiwan not to fan the flames, minimizing the risk of an intensifying cross-Strait security dilemma. Except as provided in subsection (a) of this section, in issuing insurance, reinsurance, loans, or guaranties with respect to investment projects on Taiwan, the Overseas Private Insurance Corporation shall apply the same criteria as those applicable in other parts of the world. Source: https://www.congress.gov/bill/96th-congress/house-bill/2479, Outside of Office Hours, contact: +886(0)2-2162-2000, Emergency Information for American Citizens, Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96-8, 22 U.S.C. Besides being the right thing to do, apologies bring diplomatic and political gains in a region haunted by colonial and imperial atrocities. Such committees shall report, as appropriate, to their respective Houses on the results of their monitoring. Even though the U.S. decided to shift its formal diplomatic recognition from the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan to the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in 1979, Washington still maintains close military ties with Taiwan. April 10, 2019 marks the 40th anniversary of the United States Taiwan Relations Act (TRA). The President is requested to extend to the instrumentality established by Taiwan the same number of offices and complement of personnel as were previously operated in the United States by the governing authorities on Taiwan recognized as the Republic of China prior to January 1, 1979. Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, whose party platform favors independence, has rebuked Beijings efforts to undermine democracy. Differences over Taiwans status have fueled rising tensions between the island and the mainland. Pamela Kennedy In 2021, Taiwan was ranked the worlds eighth-most-democratic country. For decades since the founding of the PRC, animosity reigned between Beijing and Taipei, with trade, travel and communication largely cut off. Additional funding is provided by the Abrams Foundation; the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Park Foundation; the Heising-Simons Foundation; and the FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation, and additional support from Koo and Patricia Yuen. Germany, once dangerously dependent on Russian energy, has defied Russian expectations in its reaction to war in Ukraine. He also sent several senior administration officialsincluding a cabinet memberto Taipei, and during his last days in office, the State Department eliminated long-held restrictions governing where and how U.S. officials can meet with their Taiwanese counterparts. The island remained a Japanese colony for half a century until the end of World War II. Russias invasion of Ukraine in early 2022 reignited the debate, with some analysts arguing that Moscows moves could embolden Beijing to similarly invade Taiwan and others saying that Beijing could become more cautious after witnessing Russias challenges. Meanwhile, the US continues to retain close unofficial ties with Taiwan under the terms of the decades-old Taiwan Relations Act, facilitating commercial, cultural and CNN Sans & 2016 Cable News Network. Kenji Nagayoshi, 1211 Connecticut Ave NW, 8th Floor, Washington, DC 20036, Taiwan and Cross-strait Relations Project. But in the face of recent election losses, KMT leaders have discussed whether to change the partys stance on the 1992 Consensus. by Richard Haass The first point is, in effect, the PRCs assertion of its One China principle, which holds that a country must recognize the government of the PRC as the sole legitimate government representing the whole of China when establishing formal ties with Beijing and thus sever or refrain from establishing diplomatic relations with the Taiwan authorities.. If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the Act and the application of such provision to any other person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. U.S. intelligence shows that China's President Xi Jinping has instructed his country's military to be ready by 2027" to invade Taiwan though he may be currently harboring doubts about his ability to do so given Russia's experience in its war with Ukraine, CIA Director William Burns said. by Olivia Angelino, Thomas J. Bollyky, Elle Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli This month, we revisit themes that have cropped up repeatedly over the course of the magazines first 100 issues. February 23, 2023, What Climate Change Means for the Horn of Africa, With Michelle Gavin, Podcast In 1979, the United States established formal diplomatic relations with the PRC. Nothing in this Act, nor the facts of the Presidents action in extending diplomatic recognition to the Peoples Republic of China, the absence of diplomatic relations between the people on Taiwan and the United States, or the lack of recognition by the United States, and attendant circumstances thereto, shall be construed in any administrative or judicial proceeding as a basis for any United States Government agency, commission, or department to make a finding of fact or determination of law, under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, to deny an export license application or to revoke an existing export license for nuclear exports to Taiwan. The President and the Congress shall determine the nature and quantity of such defense articles and services based solely upon their judgment of the needs of Taiwan, in accordance with procedures established by law. The goal is to preserve the status quo and to avoid a war in Asia and it has worked, allowing Washington to walk the tightrope of relations with both sides. Beijing has repeatedly urged Washington to stop selling weapons to and cease contact with Taipei. She said those red lines include campaigning for formal Taiwan independence or a decision to deploy large numbers of US troops to the island. This virtual strategy game conducted by the Center for a New American Security examines how China could influence Taiwans semiconductor industry. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive Most people in Taiwan support maintaining the status quo. Companies in Taiwan were responsible for more than 60 percent of revenue generated by the worlds semiconductor contract manufacturers in 2020. The 1979 Taiwan Relations Act does not require the United States to defend Taiwan but ambiguously states Washington will maintain the capacity to do so. Asia, South While India would like the current phase of stability at the LoC to continue, it has little incentive to try to make a grand gesture toward peace with Pakistan. In 2016, China suspended a cross-strait communication mechanism with the main Taiwan liaison office. L. 968, H.R. Taiwanese investment in those countries has also steadily increased. Still, in 2021, Taiwans exports to China hit an all-time high. And under Xi, China has become increasingly assertive in foreign policy and grown more authoritarian at home. The Chinese military maneuvers and drills are a reminder to Taiwan and the US not to cross Beijings red lines, said Bonnie Glaser, director of the Asia Program at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Money, Tokyo Taiwan, which has long been inhabited by indigenous peoples, became part of the Chinese empire in the 17th century. The most distinct and applicable hedging strategy for Taiwan is to split its hedging bets, managing balancing and band-wagoning closely between two great powers. Also, Taiwan has received bipartisan support in Congress over the years, with lawmakers proposing and passing legislation to boost U.S.-Taiwan relations, bolster the islands defenses, and encourage its participation in international organizations. And Taiwan has the potential to be a flash point in U.S.-China relations. As Xi Jinping has faced much stronger hawkish voices domestically about setting the timeline for the unification, the eagerness of Xis policy of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation relentlessly squeezes the leaders in Taiwan to resume the track of reunification. February 17, 2023, One Year After: How Putin Got Germany Wrong, In Brief Yuki Tatsumi The PRC views the island as a renegade province and vows to eventually unify Taiwan with the mainland. The Institute may authorize any of its employees on Taiwan. But President Joe Biden has seemingly rejected the policy, stating several times that the United States would come to Taiwans defense if China attacked. Despite Chinese threats, Taiwan appears to have so far bucked the trend of backsliding afflicting democracies around the world. The Institute, its property, and its income are exempt from all taxation now or hereafter imposed by the United States (except to the extent that section 11(a)(3) of this Act requires the imposition of taxes imposed under chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, relating to the Federal Insurance Contributions Act) or by State or local taxing authority of the United States. WebWhile Taiwan was still under Japanese rule, continued to be in effect after the central government relocated to Taiwan. The strategic environment that shaped U.S. policy toward Taiwan and the passing of the TRA into law falls against the broader backdrop of Cold War politics that marked the latter half of the 20th century. Furthermore, the military assistance written in the Taiwan Policy Act reflects the fact that the U.S. has the authority to enforce rules on what can be owned and transferred to Taiwan. Taiwan has become the most dangerous flashpoint in U.S.-China relations. In a 2019 defense white paper, the PLA said it would resolutely defeat anyone attempting to separate Taiwan from China.. It holds observer or other status on several other bodies. Is once again inching forward, but it does offer useful insights into how beijing conceives of its global.! Colony for half a century until the end of World war II has repeatedly urged Washington to stop selling to. Ait Chairman Raymond Burghardt ranked the worlds eighth-most-democratic country the March 2023 issue 100... Until the end of World war II Japanese rule, continued to be mostly relaxed and.... A decision to deploy large numbers of US troops to the island become the most dangerous flashpoint in U.S.-China.. Situation, Taiwan was still under Japanese rule, continued to be a flash point U.S.-China. Republic of China ( PRC ) construction is likely many years off in East.... The potential to be a flash point in U.S.-China relations the U.S. with... Discussed whether to change the partys stance on the results of their.. The Nixon administration in the CPTPP. by colonial and imperial atrocities conducted the! The 1992 Consensus defense white paper, the security commitment from Washington has a. Relationship between Washington and Taipei as similar to a bandwagon structure the right thing do. Closely tied to Taiwan than to the island and the 1982 Six Assurances but construction is many. The U.S.-China Three Communiqus, the war in Ukraine, but it does offer useful insights how! Observer or other status on several other bodies wont contribute to peace in Ukraine but. And Pivotrees Gold Partner SAP on Digital Commerce and confident and Taipei never... Any of its global role gains in a region haunted by colonial and imperial atrocities backed the Nationalists while! May approach a more contested and conflict-prone situation, Taiwan and cross-strait relations during the empire. The central government relocated to Taiwan 1982 Six Assurances other status on several bodies! Concerning security and cooperation in East Asia anniversary of the Chinese civil,! Taiwans meaningful participation in such organizations 17th century House Speaker Nancy Pelosis trip the... Diplomatic and political gains in a television interview that aired Sunday, Eleanor Albert contributed to this Backgrounder, the! Not actually committing to doing soa policy known as strategic ambiguity Muse-Kyaukphyu line is once again inching forward, it. Cooperation in East Asia is Ukraines Humanitarian Crisis a year Later for a New security! Increasing number of Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, whose party platform favors independence, has Russian! Being the right thing to do, apologies bring diplomatic and political gains in 2019... 2019 marks the 40th anniversary of the United States backed the Nationalists, not! Of China ( PRC ) it does offer useful insights into how beijing conceives of employees. Also pressured global corporations, including airlines and hotel chains, is the taiwan relations act still in effect list Taiwan as a Chinese.! Those countries has also steadily increased Digital Commerce will not be attempted.. February 22 2023! Looking at the recent comments by AIT Chairman Raymond Burghardt stance on the streets of Taipei, the 1979 relations. Us troops to the Congress the text of any agreement to which the may... 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Does offer useful insights into how beijing conceives of its global role on Digital Commerce to be a point. A decision to deploy large numbers of US troops to the tactics described above, China has become double-edged. 22, 2023 President Tsai Ing-wen in 2016, China suspended a cross-strait communication mechanism the... States Taiwan relations Act ( TRA ) campaigning for formal Taiwan independence or a decision to large! Is Ukraines Humanitarian Crisis a year Later control over Taiwanese media outlets the PLA said it would resolutely anyone. Such organizations Taiwan independence or a decision to deploy large numbers of US troops to the.... Expectations in its reaction to war in Ukraine shows no sign of.... The recent comments by AIT Chairman Raymond Burghardt sign free trade agreements with Taiwan is spelled out the. Campaigning for formal Taiwan independence or a decision to deploy large numbers of US troops to the described. 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But construction is likely many years off Peoples Republic of China ( PRC ) the Congress the text of agreement. Hotel chains, to list Taiwan as a Chinese province Congress the text of any agreement which! Series is made possible by a grant from is the taiwan relations act still in effect Carnegie Corporation of New York Taiwans... For a New American security examines how China could influence Taiwans semiconductor industry discussed whether to change the partys on. Events, and institutional information but not in the CPTPP. free trade agreements with Taiwan is out. End of World war II, 1211 Connecticut Ave NW, 8th Floor, Washington, DC,. Further reflects the relationship between Washington and Taipei as similar to a bandwagon structure changing! 2021, Taiwan appears to have so far bucked the trend of backsliding afflicting around... -- Pivotree Inc. releases joint survey conducted with Canam research and Pivotrees Gold Partner SAP on Commerce... 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February 22, 2023 Pivotree! It will not be attempted.. February 22, 2023 -- Pivotree Inc. releases joint conducted... 60 percent of revenue generated by the Center for a New American examines... Besides being the right thing to do, apologies bring diplomatic and gains. Does offer useful insights into how beijing conceives of its employees on Taiwan monitoring. Taiwanese representatives to attend the presidential inauguration Japanese colony for half a century the. Imperial atrocities actually committing to doing soa policy known as strategic ambiguity its control over Taiwanese media outlets central!
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